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Author ORCID Identifier

Ahmed A. Al-Amiery: 0000-0002-7694-7503

Abdul Amir H. Kadhum: 0000-0002-7694-7503

Abstract

Drug delivery systems (DDS) refer to technologies designed to improve the safety and efficacy of drugs by controlling their release, absorption, and distribution in the body. DDS has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of various drugs. This mini-review article provides an overview of the current status of DDS. The article begins with a brief introduction to DDS, highlighting its importance in drug development and delivery. It also provides a historical background of DDS to provide context to its current developments. Next, the mini-review focuses on the various types of DDS, including oral, transdermal, injectable, inhalation, and implantable delivery systems. Each system is discussed, highlighting its advantages and limitations. The article then provides an in-depth discussion of recent advances in DDS, with particular emphasis on nanoparticle-based DDS. It covers the latest developments in smart, targeted, 3D printed, and controlled DDS, and highlights the challenges and future directions in these areas. Additionally, the article explores the safety concerns associated with DDS and the regulatory challenges in DDS development and approval. Finally, the mini-review concludes by discussing future trends in DDS and their potential impact on drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Overall, this mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of DDS and its potential to revolutionize drug delivery.

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